New BMJ study debunks calcium and vitamin D supplement benefits for bones

A new study published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) challenges the long-held belief that calcium and vitamin D supplements help prevent bone fractures and falls. Researchers reviewed decades of data and found little evidence to support routine supplementation for most people. The study analysed 69 trials involving over 153,000 participants, most of whom were not at high risk of fractures or falls. Results showed that calcium, vitamin D, or a combination of both offered minimal to no protection against bone breaks or stumbles.

Olivier Massé, one of the study’s authors, stated that these findings matched recent research questioning the benefits of widespread supplementation. However, he stressed that the results do not mean people should stop taking prescribed supplements without medical advice. David Goltzman, a professor at McGill University, pointed out that many individuals already have sufficient vitamin D levels. Without routine testing, most people remain unaware of their status, making extra intake unnecessary. He added that only those with deficiencies or specific medical needs may benefit from additional supplements. The study also noted that few interventions reliably reduce fracture risk. Exercise and osteoporosis medications remain the most effective options. Massé highlighted that many promising fall-prevention strategies, such as balance training or home modifications, have received little research attention. Looking ahead, future trials may shift focus away from calcium and vitamin D. Instead, researchers could explore alternative approaches to improving bone health and preventing falls.

The BMJ study suggests that routine calcium and vitamin D supplementation may not be beneficial for most people. While exercise and targeted drug treatments remain effective, further research is needed on other potential interventions. Experts advise against stopping supplements abruptly but recommend consulting a healthcare provider for personalised advice.