Gotland Russ horses reveal surprising stress responses to humans and noise

A new study led by Isidora Dundjerovic from the University of Gothenburg has uncovered how Gotland Russ horses respond to human interaction and urban noise. These hardy horses, long accustomed to living alongside people, were monitored using advanced heart rate technology to measure stress levels in real time.

The findings offer fresh guidance for zoos and animal parks on how to assess and improve animal welfare. The research focused on Gotland Russ horses, a breed known for their adaptability and centuries of cohabitation with humans. Scientists tracked the animals’ heart rates during various activities, including feeding sessions with visitors. When interacting with people, the horses maintained an average heart rate of 51 beats per minute—only slightly above their resting levels.

Loud mechanical noises, however, triggered a sharp reaction. An excavator operating near the paddock caused a noticeable spike in heart rates, indicating heightened stress. In contrast, everyday urban sounds like barking dogs and passing vehicles produced no significant changes.

Heart rate variability served as the key metric for evaluating stress. The team also observed that routine feeding with visitors caused minimal physiological disturbance, suggesting the horses tolerate close human contact well.

Looking ahead, the researchers plan to extend their monitoring to other activities, such as pony riding. Their goal is to establish evidence-based best practices for ensuring animal wellbeing in managed environments. This study marks the first time continuous physiological monitoring has been applied to assess welfare in zoo and park settings. By combining technology with behavioural science, the approach provides a clearer picture of how animals experience their surroundings. The findings could shape future guidelines for managing stress in captive equine populations.