Fish Oil's Power Goes Beyond Heart Health—Here's What Science Says

Fish oil remains one of the most widely used dietary supplements, largely due to its heart health benefits. Research over the decades has highlighted its role in reducing triglycerides and supporting overall cardiovascular function. But its uses extend beyond the heart, with studies exploring effects on inflammation, joint pain, and even mental health.

Scientific interest in fish oil grew in the 1970s after researchers uncovered its heart-protective properties. The supplement is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically EPA and DHA, which help maintain cell membrane flexibility and fluidity.

A 2018 clinical trial demonstrated that a purified EPA product, taken at 4 grams daily, prevented one major heart event for every 21 participants over five years. More recently, a 2023 study found that a combined daily intake of over 2 grams of EPA and DHA was necessary to significantly lower triglyceride levels.

Beyond heart health, fish oil shows mild anti-inflammatory effects. People with inflammatory arthritis report reduced joint tenderness and morning stiffness when using it regularly. Some research also suggests that omega-3s, particularly those higher in EPA, may help ease symptoms of clinical depression when used alongside antidepressants.

For most individuals, fish oil is considered safe, though side effects like a fishy aftertaste, mild nausea, or diarrhoea can occur.

Fish oil's reputation as a heart-protective supplement is well-supported by decades of research. Studies continue to explore its broader benefits, from reducing joint pain to potentially aiding mental health. While generally safe, users should remain aware of minor side effects and consult healthcare providers for personalised advice.