Asia's coal comeback threatens climate goals amid energy crises

Asian nations are increasing their reliance on coal after disruptions to oil and gas supplies. The shift comes amid concerns over energy security, with countries turning to the fuel as a short-term solution. But the move risks worsening air pollution and delaying the transition to cleaner energy sources.

The recent instability in oil and gas shipments has pushed several Asian governments to prioritise coal. Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam are expanding coal-fired power generation, while South Korea has removed limits on coal-based electricity. India is also burning more coal to meet rising summer demand.

Asia's dependence on imported fuel has made the region vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. Much of the continent's oil and gas passes through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint for global trade. With uncertainties in the Middle East, coal has become the default backup when renewables or gas fall short. Indonesia, meanwhile, is focusing on its own domestic coal reserves to secure energy supplies. While coal offers a quick fix, experts warn that prolonged use could hinder progress toward renewable energy. The continued reliance on coal also leaves Asia exposed to future energy shocks and environmental challenges.

The return to coal highlights the region's struggle to balance immediate energy needs with long-term sustainability. Higher coal use may ease short-term shortages but could worsen smog in major cities and increase emissions. Governments still see renewables as the ultimate solution, though the transition remains slow.