Supreme Court weighs birthright citizenship as Trump attends historic hearing

The US Supreme Court is set to hear arguments today on birthright citizenship—a rare session attended by former President Donald Trump as an observer. The case has drawn widespread attention, with legal experts questioning whether the justices will challenge long-standing precedent or seek a narrower ruling. Georgetown Law professor Stephen Vladeck, a Supreme Court scholar, expects a decision by late June or early July.

The court's decision to review the issue came at the justices' own request last summer. While no current case directly revisits United States v. Wong Kim Ark—the 1898 ruling affirming birthright citizenship under the 14th Amendment—today's arguments could test its durability. Vladeck notes that later laws, like the 1940 Nationality Act and the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act, cannot override constitutional precedent without an amendment.

Trump's presence in the courtroom marks an unusual moment, though Vladeck doubts it will sway the justices. Instead, he is watching Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Amy Coney Barrett, whose positions may shape the outcome. Vladeck predicts two possible results: a decisive ruling upholding birthright citizenship or a close, more limited decision. The focus of the debate matters. Vladeck warns that if discussions shift toward Congress's role, the Trump administration's stance weakens. The core question remains whether the court will reaffirm *Wong Kim Ark* or find a way to avoid a sweeping ruling.

A ruling is expected by late June or early July. The outcome will clarify whether birthright citizenship remains protected under the 14th Amendment or if the court opens the door to new legal challenges. The justices' approach—broad or narrow—will determine the case's long-term impact.